SAMENLAQ II reasons with a persistent memory network

An interactive system stored facts and relation definitions in a network, with memories that could be saved to disk.

Stuart C. Shapiro and George H. Woodmansee

AI topics

Explore related entries. Larger tags appear on more entries.

The contribution

SAMENLAQ II represented facts as binary relations. Relations were also nodes, allowing their definitions to be stored and used while searching for answers. The implementation supported recursive relation definitions, user control over search effort, and disk storage of input files and memories. It joins persistent storage with reasoning over the contents of memory.

What this does not establish

Input used formal binary relations, not natural language. The demonstrated inference and persistence do not establish general understanding, unlimited learning, or modern database reliability guarantees.

Why this date?

1969 dates the IJCAI paper. Its implementation section on printed page 326 explicitly describes storing memories in disk files.

This entry follows the linked publication. Read the source and date conventions.

The original work

A Net Structure Based Relational Question Answerer: Description and Examples

Authors: Stuart C. Shapiro and George H. Woodmansee
Publication: IJCAI-69, 325-346
Source type: Conference paper

Original IJCAI paper (PDF)

The links above support the description and dating of this entry. Full text may be open or publisher-restricted.

Cited By

Atlas entries whose reference lists cite this work or the publication version noted below.

Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language (1971)
Reference 48 cites this paper, pages 325-346. The persistence claim is documented on printed page 326 of the original. Check the reference list.

Citations

Works in the Atlas cited by this entry.

SIR: A Computer Program for Semantic Information Retrieval (1964)
Reference 8 cites the 1964 MIT thesis by Raphael using the shortened title Semantic Information Retrieval. Check the reference list.
Semantic Memory (1966)
Listed in the source bibliography. Check the reference list.

Bibliography coverage: Reference section indexed. Open the source.

Reference text retains scan, spelling, line-break and column-order artifacts. Matching does not rely on publication year alone.

Read the indexed bibliography

Bibliography (PDF pages 21)

1. Craig, J. A., Berezner, S. C, Carney, H . C , Longyear, C . R., DEACON: Direct English Access and CONtrol. Proc. AFIPS FJCC (1966), 365-380. 2. Elliott, R. W . , A Model for a Fact Retrieval System, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, 1965. 3. Green, C. C, Raphael, B., Research on Intelligent Question-Answering System. AFCRL-67-0370, Stanford Research I n s t i tute, Menlo Park, California, May, 1967. 4. Levien, R., Maron, M. E., Relational Data File: A Tool for Mechanized Inference execution and Data Retrieval. RM-4793-PR, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, 1965. 5. A Computer System for Inference Execution and Data Retrieval. RM-5085-PR, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, Sept., 1966. Also C.ACM 10,11 (Nov. 1967), 715- 721. 6. Longyear, C. R. Memory Structure in DEACON Natural Language Question- Answering Systems. P-129, General Electric Company, TEMPO, Santa Barbara, California, 1966. 7. Quillian, M. R., Semantic Memory, un published Ph.D. dissertation, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1966. Also AFCRL-66- 189, Bolt Beranek and Newman, I n c . , Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1966. 8. Raphael, B., Semantic Information Retrie val, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1964. Also TR-2, Project MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1964. 9. Shapiro, S. C, A Memory Net- Structure: Present Implementation and a Proposed Language, Technical Report #53, Com puter Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, Dec. 1968. 10. , Woodmansee, G. H . , Krueger, M. W . , A Semantic Associa- tional Memory Net That Learns and Answers Questions (SAMENLAQ). Tech nical Report #8, Computer Sciences De partment, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, Jan., 1968. 1 1 . Simmons, R. F., Burger, J. F., A Semantic Analyzer for English Sentences. SP-2 987, Systems Development C o r p . , Santa Monica, California, Jan., 1968.

Download the bibliography index · Download Atlas citation links

These links cover verified matches within the Atlas. They are not total scholarly citation counts. A citation alone does not establish that the later system implements the same method.

AI topics

The contribution

What this does not establish

Why this date?

Comments