CARPS reasons over calculus word problems

Structured descriptions of objects helped a program interpret a limited class of calculus rate problems.

Eugene Charniak

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The contribution

CARPS gathered information about objects across sentences and connected different expressions referring to the same object. These structures helped transform word problems into a form suitable for mathematical solution. The paper reported fourteen examples, mostly drawn from textbooks, illustrating how domain knowledge could support language interpretation.

What this does not establish

The system covered a limited class of rate problems, and some source problems were modified. These examples are not a general calculus benchmark or evidence of unrestricted language understanding.

Why this date?

1969 dates this IJCAI conference paper, rather than the earlier thesis version of CARPS.

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The original work

Computer Solution of Calculus Word Problems

Authors: Eugene Charniak
Publication: IJCAI-69, 303-316
Source type: Conference paper

Original IJCAI paper (PDF)

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Cited By

Atlas entries whose reference lists cite this work or the publication version noted below.

Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language (1971)
Reference 7 cites the 1969 IJCAI paper, pages 303-316. Check the reference list.

Citations

Works in the Atlas cited by this entry.

Natural Language Input for a Computer Problem Solving System (1964)
Listed in the source bibliography. Check the reference list.

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Bibliography (PDF pages 14)

1 Ayres, F . , Theory and Problems of D i f f e r e n t i a l and I n t e g r a l C a l c u l u s , Schaum P u b l i s h i n g C o . , New Y o r k , 1 9 6 4 . 2 Bobrow, D.G. " N a t u r a l Language Input f o r a Computer Problem Solving System", Report MAC-TR-1, P r o j e c t MAC, M . I . T . , Cambridge, M a s s . , June 1964. 3 C h a r n i a k , E. , "CARPS, A Program Which Solves C a l c u l u s Word P r o b l e m s " , Report MAC-TR-51, P r o j e c t MAC, M . I . T . , C a m b r i d g e , M a s s . , J u l y 1968. 4 Guzman, A . , and M c i n t o s h , H.V., "A M i s c e l l a n y of CONVERT P r o g r a m m i n g " , Memorandum MAC-M-346, P r o j e c t MAC, M . I . T . , Cambridge, M a s s . , A p r i l 1967. 5 Guzman, A . , Communications August 1966. and M c i n t o s h , H.V., of t h e ACM, V o l . 9, "CONVERT", No. 8, 6 Lightstone, A . H . , Concepts of Calculus, Harper and Row, New Y o r k , 1966. 7 Moses, J . , "Symbolic MAC-TR-35, P r o j e c t MAC, December 1967. I n t e g r a t i o n " , Report M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass., 8 Thomas, G.B., Calculus and A n a l y t i c Geometry. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass., 1959.

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