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Expert systems Symbolic AI Reasoning Knowledge representation The contribution This paper describes an AI program for advising on antimicrobial therapy. It is a representative publication from expert-system research, where specialized knowledge and inference procedures were encoded explicitly to support decisions within a defined domain.
What this does not establish A historical research system is not evidence of suitability for present-day clinical decisions. The entry makes no claim of routine clinical deployment.
Why this date? The linked article appeared in December 1973; later MYCIN theses and reports have different dates.
This entry follows the linked publication. Read the source and date conventions.
The original work An artificial intelligence program to advise physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy
Authors Edward H. Shortliffe and colleagues Publication Computers and Biomedical Research, 6 (6), 544–560 Source type Journal article The links above support the description and dating of this entry. Full text may be open or publisher-restricted.
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Bibliography coverage: Partial reference record. Open the source .
The publisher deposits 26 Crossref records under 25 bibliography keys: reference 16 is represented by original and reprint records. All deposited records are retained, but reference 15 supplies only McCarthy and 1962, and several other records omit publication details. Attempts to retrieve the original publisher pages and Stanford HPP-73-10 did not recover the reference pages. This remains partial until the original bibliography can be checked; missing fields are not guessed.
Read the indexed bibliography Publisher-deposited references 1. Amarel. 1972. Medical decision making and computer modeling. Proceedings of the Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Supplement on Computers in Biomedicine. 173
2. Bleich. 1971. The computer as a consultant. New. Eng J. Med.. 284. 141. 10.1056/NEJM197101212840307
3. Bleich. 1972. Computer-based consultation—electrolyte and acid-base disorders. Amer. J. Med.. 53. 285. 10.1016/0002-9343(72)90170-2
4. Colby. 1971. Artificial paranoia. Artificial Intelligence. 2. 1. 10.1016/0004-3702(71)90002-6
5. Edwards. 1972. A comprehensive surveillance system of infections and antimicrobials used at Presbyterian-St. Luke's Hospital, Chicago. Amer. J. Public Health. 62. 1053. 10.2105/AJPH.62.8.1053
6. Fox. 1970. A survey of question-answering systems. Medical Computing: Progress and Problems
7. Gorry. 1968. Experience with a model of sequential diagnosis. Comput. Biomed. Res.. 1. 490. 10.1016/0010-4809(68)90016-5
8. Green. 1963. BASEBALL: An automatic question-answerer (1961). Computers and Thought. 207
9. Isner. 1972. An inferential processor for interacting with biomedical data using restricted natural language. Proceedings of AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference. 1107
10. Kulikowski. 1970. Pattern recognition approach to medical diagnosis. IEEE Trans. Systems Science and Cybernetics. SSC-6. 173. 10.1109/TSSC.1970.300338
11. Kulikowski. 1971. Computer-based models for glaucoma
12. Kulikowski. 1972. The medical consultant program—glaucoma
13. Lusted. 1971. Decision-making studies in patient management. New Eng. J. Med.. 284. 416. 10.1056/NEJM197102252840805
14. Macaraeg. 1971. A study of hospital staff attitudes concerning the comparative merits of antibiotics. Clin. Pharm. Ther.. 12. 1. 10.1002/cpt19711211
15. McCarthy. 1962
16. Minsky. 1961. Steps toward artificial intelligence. Computers and Thought. 406
17. Minsky. 1963. Steps toward artificial intelligence. Computers and Thought. 406
18. Pople. 1972. An information processing approach to theory formation in biomedical research. Proceedings of AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference. 1125
19. Schank. 1972. Conceptual dependency: A theory of natural language understanding. Cognitive Psychology. 3. 552. 10.1016/0010-0285(72)90022-9
20. Sheiner. 1972. Computer-aided drug dosage. Proceedings of AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference. 1093
21. Simmons. 1965. Answering English questions by computer—A survey. Commun. ACM. 8. 53. 10.1145/363707.363732
22. Simmons. 1970. Natural language questions-answering systems. Commun. ACM. 13. 15. 10.1145/361953.361963
23. Warner. 1964. Experience with Bayes' theorem for computer diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.. 115. 2. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb50648.x
24. Winograd. 1972. Understanding natural language. Cognitive Psychology. 3. 1. 10.1016/0010-0285(72)90002-3
25. Woods. 1970. Transition network grammars for natural language analysis. Commun. ACM. 13. 591. 10.1145/355598.362773
26. Wortman. 1972. Medical diagnosis: an information processing approach. Comput. Biomed. Res.. 5. 315. 10.1016/0010-4809(72)90065-1
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